Google Online Security Blog: Announcing a unified vulnerability schema for open source

Announcing a unified vulnerability schema for open source

24. Juni 2021

Posted by Oliver Chang, Google Open Source Security team and Russ Cox, Go team several effortsOpen Source Vulnerabilities (OSV) databaseOSS-FuzzGoRustPythonDWFUS Executive Order on Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity
A simple, unified schema for describing vulnerabilities precisely

As with open source development, vulnerability databases in open source follow a distributed model, with many ecosystems and organizations creating their own database. Since each uses their own format to describe vulnerabilities, a client tracking vulnerabilities across multiple databases must handle each completely separately. Sharing of vulnerabilities between databases is also difficult.

The Google Open Source Security team, Go team, and the broader open-source community have been developing a simple vulnerability interchange schema for describing vulnerabilities that’s designed from the beginning for open-source ecosystems. After starting work on the schema a few months ago, we requested public feedback and received hundreds of comments. We have incorporated the input from readers to arrive at the current schema:

{

"id": string,

"modified": string,

"published": string,

"withdrawn": string,

"aliases": [ string ],

"related": [ string ],

"package": {

"ecosystem": string,

"name": string,

"purl": string,

"summary": string,

"details": string,

"affects": [ {

"ranges": [ {

"type": string,

"repo": string,

"introduced": string,

"fixed": string

} ],

"versions": [ string ]

} ],

"references": [ {

"type": string,

"url": string

} ],

"ecosystem_specific": { see spec },

"database_specific": { see spec },

}

This new vulnerability schema aims to address some key problems with managing vulnerabilities in open source. We found that there was no existing standard format which:

Enforces version specification that precisely matches naming and versioning schemes used in actual open source package ecosystems. For instance, matching a vulnerability such as a CVE to a package name and set of versions in a package manager is difficult to do in an automated way using existing mechanisms such as CPEs.
Can be used to describe vulnerabilities in any open source ecosystem, while not requiring ecosystem-dependent logic to process them.
Is easy to use by both automated systems and humans.

With this schema we hope to define a format that all vulnerability databases can export. A unified format means that vulnerability databases, open source users, and security researchers can easily share tooling and consume vulnerabilities across all of open source. This means a more complete view of vulnerabilities in open source for everyone, as well as faster detection and remediation times resulting from easier automation.

The current state

The vulnerability schema spec has gone through several iterations, and we are inviting further feedback as it gets closer to finalized. A number of public vulnerability databases today are already exporting this format, with more in the pipeline:

Go vulnerability database for Go packages
Rust advisory database for Cargo packages
Python advisory database for PyPI packages
DWF database for vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel and other popular software
OSS-Fuzz database for vulnerabilities in C/C++ software found by OSS-Fuzz

The OSV service has also aggregated all of these vulnerability databases, which are viewable at our web UI. They can also be queried with a single command via the same existing APIs:

curl -X POST -d \

'{"commit": "a46c08c533cfdf10260e74e2c03fa84a13b6c456"}' \

"https://api.osv.dev/v1/query"

curl -X POST -d \

'{"version": "2.4.1", "package": {"name": "jinja2", "ecosystem": "PyPI"}}' \

"https://api.osv.dev/v1/query"

Automating vulnerability database maintenance

Producing quality vulnerability data is also difficult. In addition to OSV’s existing automation, we built more automation tools for vulnerability database maintenance, and used these tools to bootstrap the community Python advisory database. This automation takes existing feeds, accurately matches them to packages, and generates entries containing precise, validated version ranges with minimal human intervention. We plan to extend this tooling to other ecosystems for which there is no existing vulnerability database, or little support for ongoing database maintenance.

Get involved

Thank you to all the open source developers who have provided feedback and adopted this format. We’re continuing to work with open source communities to develop this further and earn more widespread adoption in all ecosystems. If you are interested in adopting this format, we’d appreciate any feedback on our public spec.

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