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SHA-1 Certificates in Chrome
November 16, 2016
Posted by Andrew Whalley, Chrome Security
We’ve previously made
several
announcements
about Google Chrome's deprecation plans for SHA-1 certificates. This post provides an update on the final removal of support.
The SHA-1 cryptographic hash algorithm first
showed signs of weakness
over eleven years ago and
recent research
points to the imminent possibility of attacks that could directly impact the integrity of the Web PKI. To protect users from such attacks, Chrome will stop trusting certificates that use the SHA-1 algorithm, and visiting a site using such a certificate will result in an interstitial warning.
Release schedule
We are planning to remove support for SHA-1 certificates in Chrome 56, which will be released to the stable channel
around the end of January 2017
. The removal will follow the
Chrome release process
, moving from Dev to Beta to Stable; there won't be a date-based change in behaviour.
Website operators are urged
to check
for the use of SHA-1 certificates and immediately contact their CA for a SHA-256 based replacement if any are found.
SHA-1 use in private PKIs
Previous posts made a distinction between certificates which chain to a public CA and those which chain to a locally installed trust anchor, such as those of a private PKI within an enterprise. We recognise there might be rare cases where an enterprise wishes to make their own risk management decision to continue using SHA-1 certificates.
Starting with
Chrome 54
we provide the
EnableSha1ForLocalAnchors
policy
that allows certificates which chain to a locally installed trust anchor to be used after support has otherwise been removed from Chrome. Features which
require a secure origin
, such as geolocation, will continue to work, however pages will be displayed as “neutral, lacking security”. Without this policy set, SHA-1 certificates that chain to locally installed roots will not be trusted starting with Chrome 57, which will be released to the stable channel in March 2017. Note that even without the policy set, SHA-1 client certificates will still be presented to websites requesting client authentication.
Since this policy is intended only to allow additional time to complete the migration away from SHA-1, it will eventually be removed in the first Chrome release after January 1st 2019.
As Chrome makes use of certificate validation libraries provided by the host OS when possible, this option will have no effect if the underlying cryptographic library disables support for SHA-1 certificates; at that point, they will be unconditionally blocked. We may also remove support before 2019 if there is a serious cryptographic break of SHA-1. Enterprises are encouraged to make every effort to stop using SHA-1 certificates as soon as possible and to consult with their security team before enabling the policy.
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